Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) has transformed the treatment landscape for patients suffering from severe aortic stenosis, especially those considered high-risk or unsuitable for open-heart surgery. As TAVI becomes increasingly common among younger and lower-risk patients, long-term valve performance and complications are receiving greater attention. One important complication is prosthesis–patient…

For decades, muscles were primarily viewed as structures responsible for movement, posture, and physical strength. In traditional biology, they were often compared to mechanical motors that simply converted energy into motion. However, modern scientific discoveries have completely transformed this understanding. Researchers now recognize that skeletal muscles function as a highly…